types of droughts in south africa

INTRODUCTI ON TO DROUGHT TYPES OFTYPES OF DROUGHTDROUGHT CAUSES OF DROUGHT HISTORY OF DROUGHT EFFECTS OFEFFECTS OF DROUGHTDROUGHT MITIGATIONMITIGATION OF DROUGHTOF DROUGHT 4. They include agricultural drought, meteorological drought, as well as hydrological drought. A drought is a period of time when an area or region experiences below-normal precipitation. The U.N. estimates that in Ethiopia alone, 1 million people died, 1.5 million livestock died, and 8.7 . October 2016; . As a result, farmers and government are working together to develop strategies. South Africa's agricultural industry employs over 800,000 people. Landscapes and crops need more water to survive and overall the demand for water increases. Hydrological Drought is based on the impact of rainfall deficits on the water supply such as stream flow, reservoir and lake levels, and ground water table decline. Droughts can also lead to increased migration from rural to urban areas, placing additional pressures on declining food production. Posted July 23, 2018 by Willem Stefaan Conradie & filed under CSAG Blog, Frontpage.. 9-point summary: The Cape Town water crisis was the consequence of a severe 3-year drought affecting most of the winter-rainfall zone (WRZ) of South Africa and especially the Boland Mountain Catchment (BMC) that supplies water to Cape Town's supply . ThroughouT This presenTaTion you will learn 3. A highly politicized armed conflict in northern Ethiopia has caused global outrage and has pulled political and financial attention away from other issues facing the region . These problems have far reaching adverse impacts on human health, food security, economic activity, physical infrastructure, natural resources and This drought has had major socio-economic effects particularly on the large impoverished rural population as well as on some urban areas where supplied water services have broken down in several cases. Characteristics of Droughts in South Africa: A Case Study of Free State and North West Provinces. Such an event is caused by a prolonged period of low precipitation. Kenya's Tourism Minister Najib Balala has told the BBC more than 70 elephants have died in the last year as a result of the ongoing drought affecting all of East Africa. drought indices are used to monitor the three most common types of drought, . The regular drought episodes in South Africa highlight the need to reduce drought risk by both policy and local community actions. Soya, sorghum, groundnuts and sunflower crops have also been affected, which has negatively impacted South Africa's food security. 1) Land and water temperatures cause drought. South Africa has been experiencing water shortages since 2015, when delayed rainfalls and decreasing dam levels led to a drought. A highly politicized armed conflict in northern Ethiopia has caused global outrage and has pulled political and financial attention away from other issues facing the region . Many watersheds experience depleted amounts of available water. Cholera outbreaks in Africa have been attributed to both droughts and floods, but whether the risk of a cholera outbreak is elevated during droughts is unknown. Much of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa has been experiencing a severe drought since 2015. Drought 1. categorized the definitions in terms of four basic approaches to measuring drought: meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and socioeconomic. There are different types of droughts evident in different parts of the world, but in South Africa, three different kinds of droughts have been distinguished by specialists. First lambing can be as early as 8 months. Wilhite and Glantz 1 categorized the definitions in terms of four basic approaches to measuring drought: meteorological , hydrological , agricultural, and socioeconomic. The current drought is the effect of a sustained below-average monthly rainfall series since 2015, which intensified in the last wet season (April to September 2017). The heavy recession that occurs in 2008/2009 has a great effect on the South African economy. In 2015, South Africa suffered from the driest year on record dating back to 1904, according to the South African Weather Services. By: Group 5 Subject: Disaster Management Roll no: 84, 86,11, 18, 74, 07, 75, 64, 66 2. California experienced a particularly drawn-out drought from December 2011 to March 2019, broken in part . Climate change is a slow, natural cycle that causes the earth's temperature to rise and fall periodically over centuries. In Eswatini, the estimated number of people facing Crisis (IPC phase 3) or worse . This is a major drawback, since both the Provinces play an important role to South African economy as they are a haven to . In South Africa the plateau is at its highest in the east where its edge varies in altitude between 2,000 m and 3,300 m. This edge of the plateau, as the land drops sharply to the coastal plain, forms a very high, steep escarpment known as the Drakensberg Mountains.The southern and western extents of the escarpment are not so high as Drakensberg, but also are known by a wide variety of local . Climate Change in South Africa. The last deals with drought in terms of supply and demand, tracking the . Droughts are the second-most costly weather events after hurricanes. In fact, natural disasters (including drought) have increased at a much faster pace than in the rest of the world. Water International 10 (3):111-120.) The South African government declared. Drought is a dangerous condition which decreases the quality of life. Drip irrigation hopes to achieve optimum water delivery for plants and optimum moisture in the soil. Rainwater harvesting is a great way to combat drought and is now encouraged among farmers and herders to provide their agriculture with water in times of drought. In 1984 and 1985, the Horn of Africa suffered one of the worst droughts of the 20th century. Data source: NOAA, 2021 7. Drought is defined as a prolonged shortage of available water, primarily due to insufficient rain and other precipitation or because exceptionally high temperatures and low humidity cause a drying of agriculture and a loss of stored water resources. In summary, current research on the causes of droughts in South Africa indicates that rainfall over the country is influenced by a number of interactive mechanisms, details of which are still being examined (Mason and Jury, 1997; Landman and Mason, 1999; Mason and Tyson, 2000). El Ninos typically occur within 4-year cycles, although they have also been noted to occur within 3 to 7 years cycles as well. As a result two provinces — KwaZulu-Natal and Free State — were declared disaster areas. The Free State (FS) and North West (NW) Provinces are often hard hit by droughts with impacts on water availability, farm production and livestock holdings. Meteorological Drought. The distribution of drought-related losses show high relative losses in Sub-Saharan Africa but Central and South America, southern Europe, the Middle East and southern Australia are also at high risk (Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk Analysis, 2005). Drought identification and trend analysis By George P. Petropoulos Assessment of Meteorological Drought and Wet Conditions Using Two Drought Indices Across KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa We estimated the risk of cholera outbreaks during droughts and floods compared with drought- and flood-free periods in 40 sub-Saharan Afric … Northern Africa and the Sahel, a band of farmland south of the Sahara, are experiencing drought, and the Sahara desert is expanding southward into Sudan and Chad. It was the worst drought in the country since 1982. They typically include high air pressure in the western Pacific and low air pressure in the eastern pacific. The . Recent efforts have recognized the importance of adopting a more proactive approach to managing drought as an integral part of regular climate variability, and agricultural production . Drip Irrigation. More health implications related to drought. Drought identification and trend analysis By George P. Petropoulos Assessment of Meteorological Drought and Wet Conditions Using Two Drought Indices Across KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa Approximately 10.8 million people were facing severe food insecurity in Southern Africa as 2018 came to an end. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, there are actually four different kinds of drought, all categorized by the people affected by or analyzing them: agricultural, meteorological, hydrological, and lastly, socioeconomic. In the marketplace, approximately 45 percent of pork meat is sold fresh, while 55 percent of the meat is processed. Moreover, if an area has more than 30 percent of its gross cropped area under irrigation, the area is excluded from the drought-prone category. The first three depend on how much precipitation has or . More disease, such as West Nile Virus carried by mosquitoes breeding in stagnant water. Posted by Hippo on 22 July 2016. Although all types of droughts originate from a precipitation deficiency, it is . The . The primary thing you can be sure of is that all of them hurt. [9] In the United States, the West has experienced less rain over the past 50 years, as well as increases in the severity and length of droughts; this has been especially of concern in the Southwest. A drought's onset and conclusion are difficult to determine because the . The lack of adequate precipitation, either rain or snow, can cause reduced soil moisture or groundwater, diminished stream flow, crop damage, and a general water shortage. Agricultural Drought Its impacts result from the interplay between the natural event (less precipitation than expected) and the demand people place on water supply, and human . Many workers lost their jobs during the recession, the largest number of relieved workers was in manufacturing. El Nino conditions prolonged the dryness throughout the year, which . This is mainly due to lesser rainfalls. For people living in arid and semi-arid areas of the Horn of Africa, conflict and drought create a constant competition for scarce resources. The two worst droughts in the U.S. were the 1930s Dust Bowl drought and the 1950s drought, each one lasted for more than five years affected large areas of the nation. Western Cape Province in South Africa is going through a severe drought, affecting in particular the highly populated urban area of Cape Town and its water supply. Drought and desertification are at the core of serious challenges and threats facing sustainable development in Africa. Drought is among the most devastating of natural hazards - crippling food production, depleting pastures, disrupting markets, and, at its most extreme, causing widespread human and animal deaths. A drought is when there is a lack of precipitation over an extended period of time, usually a season or more, resulting in a water shortage for some activity, group, or environmental sector. Water is one of the most essential commodities for human survival, second only to breathable air.

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