impact crater lab activity

(No need to completely cover the flour layer.) Craters with a diameter over 110 miles (175 km) can have more complex, ring-shaped uplifts within the crater. In this lab we are looking ahead to the penultimate topic of this astronomical quarter: the solar system. Objectives After completing this activity students will be able to: Calculate the radius of an . While in-situ observations of the moon ended in September 2017 . Find impact crater experiment lesson plans and teaching resources. Impact Cratering Lab Part I: Impact Cratering Mechanics & Crater Morphology Part I of this lab introduces the mechanics of crater formation and the morphology of different types of craters. The lab exercises in Part I utilize movies of impact experiments to demonstrate the formation and structure of impact craters. Hands-on Activity Demonstration Do not use glass. Impact Craters [1MB PDF file] This activity is part of the Exploring the Moon Educator Guide. Impact cratering lab 1. Pans should be plastic, aluminum or cardboard. Activity Guidelines Page 1 Activity Guidelines for Impact Craters Supplies: - Several boxes filled with flour (flour is covered by a layer of tempura paint). Description. Expendable Cost/Group: US $3.00. Bigach Impact Crater in northeastern Kazakhstan is about five million years old—long enough to be reshaped by geologic process, erosion, and human activity. In the second Activity, photographs of the cratered surfaces . . Hold your "meteoroid" 30 cm above the surface of the flour. . Name: Date: Part A: Background Answers will be given during presentation. The amount of energy produced in this way depends on the mass of the impacting object and the velocity with which it strikes the surface: KE = ½mv 2 The find brings the number of . Rays Ejecta tossed out of the crater at high speed. The 'twin' craters are in the Thaumasia Planum region, a large plateau that lies immediately to the south of Valles Marineris, the largest canyon in the Solar System. Teacher Activity #2. How many impact craters are on the Earth? • Fill the large pan or tray with an inch or two of flour. Have students work in groups to complete the exercises. . Students investigate meteorite impact craters and analyze evidence for the K/T boundary impact in particular. Using the cm ruler find the radius of the object. The lab exercises in Part I utilize movies of impact experiments to demonstrate the formation and structure of impact craters. Take students to the computer lab and hand out the student pages and charts. Recent (2013 Feb 13) Chelyabinsk (Russian) Meteor Impact released about 2.1 1015 Joules of energy. Supplies Needed per student or group: Prepared plaster of Paris OR dry plaster, water and a container Projectiles Tempura paint and sifter (your teacher may substitute a different powdered medium) Meter stick and ruler Data chart Impact Craters […] There are two parts, each including a short reading and a set of activities. You will also determine if you could detect a potential impactor and how much time you would have before it hits the Earth. a planet, moon, asteroid, or comet) when a smaller mass moving at very high speed collides with it. By dropping the sphere from a set height into a tray o. This worksheet will guide you through how to download Google Earth, how to navigate to each impact crater, how to measure the diameter of each crater and to put the sizes of these craters into perspective. In their search for craters, students will broaden their scientific perspectives to the seven continents, a variety of target rocks, longitude and latitude, diameters, and age in millions of years. These processes have led to the rapid removal or burial of Earth's impact structures. Ejecta tossed out at low speed. 2. The material lies like a blanket around the crater. Impact Cratering Lab The Impact Cratering Lab exercises found on this website introduce a geologic process that has had major consequences for the geology of all solid bodies in the solar system and for the biology of Earth. It is flat in large craters (the marble will be there in this activity). What is the most common process affecting the surfaces of planets and their moons? activity. • identify various structures caused by the cratering process. This section of the lab uses a very good online exercise developed by my colleagues at the Center for Lunar Science and Exploration at the Lunar and Planetary Institute. It is expected to blast a hole in the heart of the space rock, spraying out ice and dust. With the lack of atmosphere to stop the . This section of the lab uses a very good online exercise developed by my colleagues at the Center for Lunar Science and Exploration at the Lunar and Planetary Institute. Pans should be at least 7.5 cm deep. This layer will be like the . Just like in your science experiment, the size and shape of the crater depends on how big the meteorite was and how fast it was going when it hit the ground. We also provided some of the Resources below for you to use in class. The majority of them are located within the geologically stable They conduct an experiment in creating their own impact craters, and then determine a relationship between crater size and projectile velocity based on . The goal of this lab is for students to learn how impact craters are formed, develop a basic understanding of the magnitude of the forces involved, and learn how to measure the impact crater height using basic geometry.)) The bright, circular feature at center right has a diameter of about 50 miles (80 . The . Students use two spheres of similar volume with differing masses to determine the relationship that mass and height have on gravitational potential energy. Floor The interior of the crater. At approximately five million years old, Bigach is a relatively young geologic feature. Topic: Solar System. Though the newly found impact sites in northwest Greenland are only 114 miles apart, at present they do not appear to have formed at the same time. Downloads. The material forms long lines pointing directly away from the crater. Moon Impact Craters Lab Activity: Students record their predictions and results of the lab activity. Students will measure crater sizes and draw ejecta patterns to see what effects size, weight, velocity, and angle of impact have on the resulting craters. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are . Impact Crater Lab Date _____ Terrestrial Impact Craters, Second Edition Compiled by . The . Crater Impact. Impact Craters. 2. Students will analyze geological evidence from 10 different sites around the world to predict the location of the asteroid impact that caused the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous Period. Students explore surface evolution on Terrestrial planets and satellites, learning about the science behind relative and absolute age-dating techniques. Learning Strategy: Practical work. • state the relationships between the size of the crater, size of impact, direction, or type of surface material.) Robert Marcus, H. Jay Melosh & Gareth Collins. Summary (300 to 500 words) The Lunar surface compared to earths has many more craters and scars from astral bodies impacting its surface. Record the results on the Impact Crater Data table. Ice cores are regularly checked for volcanic debris, and it is unlikely that they would miss something this large and close (quick math suggests the ejecta volume should be about 200-600 km3 . Lesson 6 Impact Craters Holes in the Ground! Moon Impact Craters Part 1 In this activity, you will create impact craters in plaster of Paris. These craters have diameters between about 12 and 110 miles (20 and 175 km), and the central uplift is usually one or a few peaks. Add a layer of sprinkles. The majority of them are located within the geologically stable Impact Crater Activity Worksheet. [ 2010 June: Learn more about impact cratering on Deep Impact scientist Jim Richardson's blog Explorations in Impact Cratering .] We recently did a lab during a middle school space science unit in which we created and measured simulated lunar impact craters. Activity Crater Ages Crater Experiment Crater Sizes Questions Summary Section §3.2.1 §3.3.1 §3.4.1 §3.5 §3.6 . Major mass extinctions, after Raup The aim of this activity is to investigate the factors which affect the size of an impact crater on Earth. We are currently living through the sixth mass extinction event. Impact Crater Lab Date _____ Terrestrial Impact Craters, Second Edition Compiled by . • Consider running a classroom lab that gives students experience at making craters of their own. Activity Guidelines Page 1 Activity Guidelines for Impact Craters Supplies: - Several boxes filled with flour (flour is covered by a layer of tempura paint). Introduction. In particular, the focus here is the planets nearest to Earth. To be sure to have enough, you . This activity is about modeling moon craters, and using models to predict the size of moon craters. There are . Why or why not? Type: Activity. They identify different factors affecting the size and depth of . Impact craters are the dominant landforms on most of the solid surfaces in our solar . No known impact ejecta is known from any of the North Greenland ice cores, making the crater likely to be older than the oldest of them (about 100ka). Introduce gravitational potential energy with this incredible impact crater lab activity! Place a sheet of butcher paper on the floor and your bin of flour in the center of the paper. Can we see craters on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune? Using a flour sifter or salt shaker, sprinkle an even layer of cocoa powder over the flour. . Summary • Large impacts can trigger earthquakes and initiate volcanic eruptions. Parts of an impact crater include 1:floor, 2: walls, 3: rim, 4: central peak, 5: ejecta, 6: rays. Your group will be given an object, such as a steel bearing, super ball…. The Occator impact crater, which formed ~22 . The probe is a lump of copper travelling at 100 times the speed of a bullet. Testing and studying these craters may help NASA identify areas on the Moon that are rich in water and other resources to determine how to best use those materials while on the lunar surface. 1-km wide Barringer Crater, located 38 miles east of Flagstaff, AZ. This false-color image reveals the scar of a past major impact of a comet or small asteroid on Europa's surface. Quest- Impact Craters, A Gravitational Potential Energy Activity by Hellmund Science $4.99 PDF Introduce gravitational potential energy with this incredible impact crater lab activity! Activity Dependency: None. Spread about an inch of flour into your cake pan. There are two parts, each including a short reading and a set of activities. Titan, the atmosphere-shrouded moon of Saturn, has captivated scientists' attention since its formal discovery on 25 March 1655. It is flat in large craters (the marble will be there in this activity). Activities include: Select an appropriate landing site for astronauts on the Moon's South Pole by using NASA topographic maps and data. Slideshow 6027257 by. Thegeological or atmospheric activity of a world may be related to its prospectsfor life. MATERIALS • Marbles or other objects such as steel shot, ball bearings, golf or wooden balls • A high-walled pan. Impact craters are geological structures formed when a meteoroid, an asteroid, or a comet smashes into a planet, a moon, or another Solar Figure 3. Lab 6 - Impacts & Craters ASTR 1010 Name: Gabriela Urrego Overview In this activity you will calculate crater sizes and environmental factors caused by impacts of meteorites. A model is a representation of . Other impact structures, such as Bigach Impact Crater in northeastern Kazakhstan, are harder to recognize due to their age, modification by geologic processes, or even human alteration of the landscape. Students simulate crater formation through a lab activity. - Slide projector and several slides dealing with impact cratering - Marbles (these are the impactors) - Sling shot (for high velocity impacts) - Additional dry tempura paint Cratering and the Lunar Surface. Find the mass using the triple beam balance and write the results on the Impact Crater Impact Data table. An impact crater is formed when a meteorite (asteroid or comet) crashes into a larger planetary body that has a solid surface, such as the Earth. Since knowledge of impact craters doesn't align with a significant standard we focused primarily on the scientific method and process skills. Impact craters are divided into two groups: simple craters and complex craters. The Deep Impact spacecraft is on course to fire a probe into a Comet Tempel One. These processes have led to the rapid removal or burial of Earth's impact structures. This hands-on activity requires students to "visit . In larger craters, however, gravity causes the initially steep crater walls to collapse downward and inward, forming a complex structure with a central . Thus, only about 160 terrestrial impact craters have been recognized to date. Thus, only about 160 terrestrial impact craters have been recognized to date. . Preparation. Simulate a rock impacting the surface, by holding one of the rocks above your head and dropping it into the cake pan. • Impact events can alter the chemical composition of the atmosphere. But for an active planetsuch as Earth, impact craters tend to get buried or erased over time. 3. It is becoming the focus of interest for scientists in many fields including physics, geology, and biology. Making Craters with Marbles. Checklist:) . However, active tectonic processes in the region have . Lab-Learning Activity: PLANETARY GEOLOGY. Do not use glass. • manipulate the conditions that control the size and appearance of impact craters. Objectives Students will: • model impact crat er s in the lab . Quickly find that inspire student learning. You will then be asked to calculate the kinetic energies involved in some of the impacts which have . Or put simply, the depth of the crater doubles if the mass or the height that the egg is dropped from doubles. NOx is easily transformed into nitric acid, resulting in acid rain. Workwith'your'team'to'complete'the'lab'exercises'and'activities. activity. The Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera has acquired data that establish the present-day impact cratering rate and document new deposits formed by downslope movement of material in mid-latitude gullies on Mars. Using the meter stick, select a height to drop the rock from and then drop the rock into the pan at this height. Floor The interior of the crater. It wasn't until the 1980s that humanity finally began to understand the greatest extinction events in history - wiping out nearly all life on Earth - five times in its history. An impact crater is a hole excavated out of a surface (e.g. 3 of the 5 mass extinctions are thought to have been exacerbated or caused . Procedure: Follow the steps below. Dramatic underground explosions, perhaps involving ice, are responsible for the pits inside these two large martian impact craters, imaged by ESA's Mars Express on 4 January. Guidelines for such an activity can be found at: Deep Impact: Making Impact Craters! iTeachly Members can access all the content for the activity and the following lesson. 6 Figure 1. . Measuring impact craters on the Earth. This studentdesigned lab focuses on understanding the factors that - play a role in the resulting crater formed after an impact. Parts of an impact crater (Let's Talk Science using an image by Tom Wildoner [CC BY-SA 4.0] via Wikimedia Commons ). Observe the crater it made (the cocoa powder will . This is called kinetic energy because it is caused by motion. This activity is best done in groups of at least 3 students, one to drop the impact object, one to . outline impact craters on this image in red, flow channels in blue, and possible tectonic features (cracks, rifts, collapse valleys . Why or why not? Impact Crater Lab. Lab 6 - Impacts & Craters ASTR 1010 Name: Overview In this activity you will calculate crater sizes and environmental factors caused by impacts of meteorites. Activity students simulate how impact craters are formed, and how the appearance of a crater depends on the energy of the impacting object. An Impact Basin is an impact crater that has a rim diameter greater than 185 miles (300 km). Lab #3. In this space science lesson, students calculate how much energy is transferred during meteorite impact. After carrying out this activity, students will be able to recognise and describe how impact craters are formed on Earth and the Moon. • The heat ignites fires, and they may rage across a large region. (c) Ejecta are thrown out of the crater. Rays Ejecta tossed out of the crater at high speed. seismic activity would also have been devastating. Impact Crater Activity Worksheet. Notice how the marbles make craters in the pan. Using science, engineering and geometry, students design, build and test model spacecraft. We are currently living through the sixth mass extinction event. Impact craters cover the surface of the moon, and have been identified on all of the rocky bodies of the solar system. Illustration - Labels. Impact Crater Lab. (b) The projectile vaporizes and a shock wave spreads through the lunar rock. Week 2: Complete activity in §3.4.1, finish final (Post-Lab) questions in §3.5, write lab summary, and submit completed lab report. These features largely reflect the movements of Earth's major tectonic plates and many smaller plates or fragments of plates (including microplates). Figure 2. The Chicxulub impact event was 2.6 million times more powerful. Rim The raised edge of the crater. 1 "Craters" activity sheet (master on page 32) For each team of 4 students: 1 shallow basin (to be filled with about 3 to 5 inches of flour) Examples: a dishpan, a heavy aluminum roasting pan, or cardboard box. Grade Level: 8 (7-9) Time Required: 1 hour. Name: Date: Part A: Background Answers will be given during presentation. Fill the pan about 2 cm deep with flour, lightly sprinkle the drinking chocolate to cover the entire surface. Classified as an ordinary type L Chondrite (10% iron). The craters are what make our moon look like Swiss cheese. How many impact craters are on the Earth? What is the most common process affecting the surfaces of planets and their moons? The material lies like a blanket around the crater. Note: This is a large Adobe Acrobat PDF file: "craters_activity.pdf" (8.5 Mb), so you may want to download to your computer. The purpose of the lab was largely to just get a lab experience into the unit. . NASA's Dawn mission revealed a partially differentiated Ceres that has experienced cryovolcanic activity throughout its history up to the recent past. Assume that the asteroid was moving at approximately 20 km/sec=20,000 m/s (about twice escape velocity), calculate the mass "m" (in kg) of the asteroid from the equation: 2 2 K 1mv. 5. Impact Craters and Water on Mars Eric Grosfils, Pomona College (egrosfils@pomona.edu) This activity is part of the On the Cutting Edge Exemplary Teaching Activities collection This material was originally created for Starting Point:Introductory Geology and is replicated here as part of the SERC Pedagogic Service. A city-sized impact crater viewed by NASA's Galileo spacecraft may shed new light on the nature of the enigmatic icy surface of Jupiter's moon Europa. To make a model of the surface of the moon, drop the marbles into the pan, the marbles act as the crashing asteroids and comets. This is the Copernicus Crater on the Moon. - Slide projector and several slides dealing with impact cratering - Marbles (these are the impactors) - Sling shot (for high velocity impacts) - Additional dry tempura paint This activity supports concepts covered in the film The Day the Mesozoic Died. The material forms long lines pointing directly away from the crater. Introduction. (d) Most of the ejected material falls back to fill the crater, forming an ejecta blanket. They are made when a meteorite collides with a planet or a moon. activity) play a role in shaping the landscapes we see. Craters are round, bowl-shaped depressions surrounded by a ring, like the one shown in Figure 1. Rim The raised edge of the crater. Stages in the Formation of an Impact Crater: (a) The impact occurs. This follows the finding, announced in November 2018, of a 19-mile-wide crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier—the first meteorite impact crater ever discovered under Earth's ice sheets. Elsewhere in our solar system, however, these processes are muted by one major process impact - cratering. Each round hole is the place where a meteorite impacted, or hit, the surface of the moon, so craters are often called impact . The impact crater that an egg leaves in the flour scales linearly at small masses and heights. It wasn't until the 1980s that humanity finally began to understand the greatest extinction events in history - wiping out nearly all life on Earth - five times in its history. A circular depression deep in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been confirmed as the first known impact crater in central Africa, a new study says. Carefully remove the rock from the flour. Objectives Ejecta tossed out at low speed. Currently, about 160 impact craters have been identified on Earth‟s surface. Impact Cratering Lab Part I: Impact Cratering Mechanics & Crater Morphology Part I of this lab introduces the mechanics of crater formation and the morphology of different types of craters. 3 of the 5 mass extinctions are thought to have been exacerbated or caused . Subject Areas: Earth and Space, Science and Technology. Our research teams will now conduct . Activity Timeframe - 90 minutes Making Impact Craters Materials Safety Glasses 2 or more large tubs or litter boxes These should be plastic, metal, or cardboard. . Students use two spheres of similar volume with differing masses to determine the relationship that mass and height have on gravitational potential energy. Group Size: 3. Select your first rock to be a meteorite. . Sprinkle a small amount of cinnamon over your flour to make a very thin layer. 1. Impact Craters. Our Earth is a dynamic planet, as clearly illustrated on the main map by its topography, over 1,500 volcanoes, 44,000 earthquakes, and 170 impact craters. IMPACT CRATERING MECHANICS When a high-speed object strikes a surface, it produces an enormous amount of energy. 175 km ) can have more complex, ring-shaped uplifts within the crater at speed. • cover that layer with a dusting of the solid surfaces in our system! Ordinary type L Chondrite ( 10 % iron ) Making impact craters < /a > 1 of astronomical... Crater lab entire surface classified as an ordinary type L Chondrite ( 10 % iron ) their predictions and of... The Science behind relative and absolute age-dating impact crater lab activity and height have on gravitational potential energy a. The following lesson extreme heat can generate large amounts of nitrogen oxides ( NOx ) sifting it for a even! Height into a comet Tempel one recognized to date or comet ) when smaller... 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