electric motor vibration causes

When harmonics of TS are determined, other vibration peaks of interest and other harmonic relationships may be identified for analysis. the spectrum indicated 1x & 2X TS. Eccentricity is the deviation from circularity of a part, such as a rotor or a shaft. Misalignment and Vibration. Electromagnetic noise and vibrations come from the vibrations of the electric motor active parts in the audible range (20 Hz to 20 kHz) under the excitation of electromagnetic forces, namely magnetostriction and Maxwell forces. . The conventional methods for the measurement of resonant frequencies, vibration and noise in electric machines are laborious and very time consuming. Vibration problems in large induction motors can be extremely frustrating and may lead to greatly reduced motor reliability. unevenly distributed mass in the fan rotor. Electric motor vibration is discussed from the viewpoint of its causes and cures. Various techniques can be employ- ed to yield satisfactory energy conversion from electrical to mechanical using motors without hearing the process. 2 pole motors are more susceptible for this 2x vibration . Figure 1 shows the direction of the fluid. Electrical overload can also be caused by short-circuited conductors, or an excessive voltage supply. The condition monitoring methods for on-line induction motor electromagnetic system control by vibration and current spectral analysis are discussed in this paper. Vibration, Belt Tension, and Misalignment: All three can shorten the life of a motor if not corrected. Phase unbalance causes 3φ electric motors to run at temperatures higher than their listed ratings. The Common Causes of Overheating. Single motor pole for a PM machine highlighting iron slots and windings. Dust & IP65 water-proof for many occasions. The mechanical natural frequency of the motor further amplified the vibrational response of the system. Vibration can cause damage to electric motors in several ways. the one which having high vibration had a vibration of 13 mm/s dominant in axial direction in the motor DE and the Pump De as well. provided so that the problems of noisy motors can be identified. With proper knowledge of the sources of motor vibration, proper vibration . The trend of industry toward higher speed machines and longer periods between downtimes has fostered closer surveillance of those parameters that can interrupt satisfactory service. . Electric motors always have frequency peaks at shaft rotational speed and at line frequency i.e. Motors that are transported without the rotor shaft held securely in place can be subjected to vibrations within the bearing clearance that could damage the bearings. We therefore analyze the "type" of vibration to identify its cause and take appropriate repair action. Mechanical stress can be caused by poor installation, poor assembling, or by improper use, overloading, and poor maintenance. A vertical engine that drives a pulper via belts, such as shown in Figure 4, com 600 kW of power and 1000 rpm, after the assembly and general improvement, It showed high levels of vibration voted, As shown in Table I below presents. Vibration can be caused by one or more factors at any given time, the most common being imbalance, misalignment, wear and looseness. Resonance that occurs at the specific speed range only. Your electric motor is a complex machine and requires a careful balance of environmental and supportive factors to run smoothly. High Ambient Temperatures: Consider derating to a lower horsepower if your 40°C motor goes above 104°F. As these pits accumulate, they create a frosted effect and eventually result in evenly spaced grooves—much like a washboard—in the bearing raceway. Imbalances: An imbalance is like a weighted spot in the rotating component of a motor. Vibration and shock 4. More stringent specifications regarding motor vibration call for maximum velocity levels of 0.1 in./sec on the housing and 1.5 mils of displacement vibration on the shaft. Possible causes of high 2X - rotor eccentricity, stator eccentricity, resonance etc. Vibration measurement points. Hamm is a service engineer and Evans is a senior test engineer with TECO Westinghouse, Round Rock, Texas. Motor construction is a source of vibration. If a motor problem does occur, the source of the problem needs to be promptly identified and corrected. First, it can accelerate bearing failure by causing indentations on the bearing raceways at the ball or roller spacings. When present, this condition can cause severe vibration levels by amplifying small vibratory forces from machine operation. If you repair a machine, replaced bearings, or performed other service and still experience noise and vibration, you could be experiencing unbalance. Motor Vibration. The vibration condition is classified as follows: Installed Electric Motors RMS vibration velocity A - recently commissioned motor installation B - unlimited satisfactory long time operation There are six main causes of electric motor failures: Over-Current; Low Resistance; Over heating; Dirt; Moisture; Vibration; These causes are briefly explained below: 1. On-line induction motor condition monitoring techniques. The radial electromagnetic force causes a structural vibration on the casing which changes with motor speed and can be used to indicate vehicle speed. Other failures are caused by vibration, physical damage and situations that causes excessive heat. Vibration. Even though the causes of motor vibration seem almost endless, with a few straightforward checks and an inquisitive attitude, you can minimize risk during motor and train startup and maximize overall reliability of the equipment. As these pits accumulate, they create a frosted effect and eventually result in evenly spaced grooves—much like a washboard—in the bearing raceway. Over-Current (Electrical Overload): In different operating conditions, electrical devices will sometimes start to draw more current . Vibration. Moisture: Condensation can cause rust within an enclosed motor. When that happens, your windings can short out and burn out . In the Europe, most line frequencies are 50 Hz or 3000 cpm. Before returning the machine to service, perform a quick screening to ensure the repairs are completed. Similarly, if a motor is at a standstill and subjected to external vibrations over a period of time, the bearings can also become damaged. overall vibration level of 0.3 ips RMS would be cause for concern For piping and valves overall readings exceeding 1.0 ips RMS The limit values for the vibration severity values are defined by ISO 10816-1 depending on motor classes. When the DC motor rotates, the disturbance vibration is caused by rotor gravity, and the vibration frequency is usually twice as high as the DC motor's working frequency. The characteristics of the electric motor as part of the powertrain still need consideration from an NVH perspective, as there are still two highly tonal components generating noise to . Such vibration may be caused by imbalance in the armature, by poor foundations or other mechanical faults. Then analogically 2x F L in Europe will be 100 Hz or 6000 . Vibration, Belt Tension, and Misalignment: All three can shorten the life of a motor if not corrected. A regularly scheduled vibration analysis program can be carried out by in-house vibration technicians or by local contractors who are familiar with the plant's equipment and its processes. Therefore noise in the output might be being caused by the inverter. edison123 (Electrical) 18 Feb 20 13:56. The line frequency (50/60Hz) is the frequency at which AC power is supplied to the motor; this causes changes in magnetic attraction between the . A. Balan. There has to be a component in between the motor and the microcontroller, and it is the . This additional current will cause damage to the windings and lead to motor failure. 5. Ground faults in motors may cause a circuit breaker to trip in order to avoid potentially catastrophic outcomes such as electrical shock, fire, or burns. Also, each mechanical problem or defect generates vibration in its own unique way. The motor alignment must be checked to eliminate this problem. Electrical System Resonance. The VFD and the electrical system combined to amplify the current fluctuations. Bishop: In most cases, vibration sensors should be installed at the bearing housings of motors being continuously monitored. When using a vibration analyzer, vibration sensors are hung on the electric motor. Explanation of electromagnetically-excited noise in electric machines. Vibration can lead to many issues with the motor, and can eventually cause . This grooved pattern is referred to as fluting. Damage from vibration. Vibration of electric motors and systems containing motors are areas identified for consideration. The following are the different types of mechanical noises. 3. Frictional sound caused by brushes and commutator. Shear stress 7. Listen: Your motor may be louder and have additional vibration as the shaft works harder to turn the load. All AC motors produce a 2Xline frequency vibration since there are two peaks in a cycle and the torque is 'unidirectional'. If the noise is due to something in the motor design (e.g., a manufacturing defect or anomaly), a . The vibration increases from about 0.2 in/sec to 0.8 in/sec over a few minutes time. . . It is important to install effective overcurrent protection which is able to detect overcurrent and interrupt supply to protect the motor. Replace the bearings, balance the shaft, and/or align the shafts. Moisture: Condensation can cause rust within an enclosed motor. (2) The motor air gap is not uniform or the motor winding is faulty. Corrosion of parts can also cause the motor to vibrate. Furthermore to above, the most common frequencies that indicate electrical problems in AC motors are line frequency and twice line frequency (2x F L ). It contributes greatly to the corrosion of the motor shafts, bearings . Moisture: Humidity also affects the performance of electric motors. The cause of bearing failures can be considered as mechanical stress during rotational movement and bearing currents. Mechanical Reasons for Motor Vibration. By Lloyd (Tex) Leugner. Misalignment and Vibration. Todd A. Hatfield, VP of Engineering and Repair at HECO - All Systems Go, goes over common types and causes of failures in electric motors at the 2016 Reliabi. Vibration problems in large induction motors can be extremely frustrating and may lead to greatly reduced motor reliability. Vibration can lead to many issues with the motor, and can eventually cause . Phase unbalance causes 3φ electric motors to run at temperatures higher than their listed ratings. According to the production practice experience, the causes of axial vibration of the motor usually have the following aspects: (1) The bearing or bearing bush of the motor is seriously worn, and the gap is too large, resulting in a "shaft lift" phenomenon. Also, when laying out the workspace, try to position motors away from grinding machines which produce large amounts of contaminants. The greater the phase unbalance, the greater the temperature rise. Interconnection between different physical processes in the induction motor explains diversity of the condition monitoring . traction motors, transformers) . Motor failure can cause downtime, an inconvenience for all manufacturers. Neck ellipse or shaft bending. Step 2: Correct the root cause problem. Vibration testers should be used for mechanical faults and motor analyzers for electrical faults. Common causes of damage to a motor include physical impact, electrical or mechanical overload and poor maintenance. 60 Hz. The operation of a vibration motor through Arduino can be done on the Genuino UNO board. Exposure to high air stream temperatures. Interconnection between different physical processes in the induction motor explains diversity of the condition monitoring . Normally electrical motor insulation can be effected by many factors.Below are several common factors that effected the insulation failures. The discharged current has enough energy to pit the balls and raceways of the bearing, through a process known as electric discharge machining (EDM). 2X is called the torque pulse frequency. To determine and eliminate the causes of vibration of the electric motor, there is a simple algorithm. electrical powertrain, small actuators) railway (e.g. 2) Mechanical : Some of movement or vibration between the winding coil or the motor . The entire assembly is on a tall fiberglass structure. Deterioration of the fan rotor caused. Stepping motors, Induction, Brushless and Switched Reluctance machines are discussed and the causes and solutions are identi- fied. can cause uneven growth of the fan rotor. Mechanical Overload is the non-electrical issues that cause an electric motor to overwork, and it will draw additional current to compensate. Keep work areas, tools and fixtures as clean as possible to help eliminate the chance of contamination entering the motor. Starts (too many, not enough of a break between them or extended start times) are the culprit in some rotor failures. This is caused from the uneven distribution of mass around an axis of rotation. Step 2: Correct the root cause problem. In electric motors, eccentricity of the rotor causes undue vibration of the motor due to non-symmetrical magnetic effects. These high temperatures produce insulation breakdown and other related problems. Secondly, it can loosen windings and cause mechanical damage to insulation by fracturing, flaking or eroding of the material. This interaction can cause unpleasant acoustic resonances ("humming noise" or "whining noise"), harmful vibration levels, and mechanical fatigue. We provide you with a large selection of High Torque Rotation Coreless Brushed DC Series Motor Metal Small Electric Vibrating DC Motor for Toys, support high speed operation, low noise, and the service life can reach over 60,000 hours. DC vibration motor with intelligent digital display controller, using double head eccentric block vibration principle, feel free to adjust speed. First, it can accelerate bearing failure by causing indentations on the bearing raceways at the ball or roller spacings. Vibration. Some larger motors with sleeve bearings use non-contact probes on the exterior of the bearing housings to measure the gap between the probe and the shaft and typically . . Most electric motors are insulated against vibration because it has a negative impact on their performance, and can ultimately cause it to break down. Figure 1: Direction of the air/gas flow in a centrifugal fan. The fan is 24' in diameter driven by a right angle gear, a 100" drive shaft (composite) and a TEFC 150HP motor mounted horizontal. Unbalance is one of the most common causes of premature failure in rotating machinery. When analyzing vibration we look at two components of the Misalignment and bad installation are two ways shaft coupling issues contribute to motor failure: Misalignment: A coupling that is badly aligned suffers some unusual load stresses that can lead to motor failure. In a centrifugal fan, the fluid enters in the direction of the length of the rotating shaft, and it is discharged perpendicular or radially, so the fluid experiments a change in direction of 90°. Vibration testers should be used for mechanical faults and motor analyzers for electrical faults. 13 % of motor failures are caused by bearing failure, and more than 60 % of the mechanical failures in a facility are caused by bearing wear, so learning how to troubleshoot this potential problem is important. Corrosion of parts can also cause the motor to vibrate. In systems that operate at 60Hz, the vibration frequency is 120Hz. The back and forth movement of motorized equipment and components is known as vibration. The vibration motor using pure copper wire and precision bearing. Modern electric motors may be more efficient and reliable than their ancestors, but they can still fail sometimes. Line Frequencies Line frequency related peaks commonly exist on every AC driven machine and are present to some extent at 2x of line frequency. (and some electrical) motor faults have a unique signature in the vibration spectrum of the . Rotation of Un balanced weigh. The application of vibration analysis should be part of any proactive total equipment management program. Misalignment of the electric motor and the driven load is a major . Figure 2: Main parts of a centrifugal fan. A similar noise can be created if there is a minor fault in the transmission equipment attached to the motor shaft. Two pole motors will always display a 2X line frequency . A low-speed, high-torque, direct-drive . one machine out of these 12 machines have a high vibration. 4. 4. The greater the phase unbalance, the greater the temperature rise. 3. According to the production practice experience, the causes of axial vibration of the motor usually have the following . Electrical current 6. excessive vibration, we use vibration signals as an indication of a machine's mechanical condition. Tapping noise caused by the thrust move of the rotor. on small and medium size electric motors in the range of 1 to 500 HP for . (Note: In motors with sleeve bearings, a reed critical speed of about 40 to 50 percent of running speed can cause vibration due to oil whip or oil whirl.) The discharged current has enough energy to pit the balls and raceways of the bearing, through a process known as electric discharge machining (EDM). Mechanical . It is imperative, in all production operations that downtime be avoided or minimized. The working principle of vibrator motor In other words, there is an eccentric weight on the rotating shaft of the vibration motor, which generates centrifugal force when it rotates. Keep work areas, tools and fixtures as clean as possible to help eliminate the chance of contamination entering the motor. Rotor - 5%. The . A slightly misaligned or bent motor shaft will produce a humming sound. The motor alignment must be checked to eliminate this problem. Malfunction Detection Algorithm. The most common way vibration impacts the performance of electric motors is by stripping away electrical insulation of the windings. Replace the bearings, balance the shaft, and/or align the shafts. The shaft system of the linkage part is not centered, the center line is not coincident, and the centering is not correct. according to that the machine was aligned and the vibration . Moisture: Humidity also affects the performance of electric motors. 5. On-line induction motor condition monitoring techniques. Root cause analysis is necessary to understand why things are happening. Before returning the machine to service, perform a quick screening to ensure the repairs are completed. The magnetic flux produced by conductors in AC machines alternates at line frequency and all AC motors produce a 2 X line frequency vibration. In this way, the cause of the malfunction and the corrective measures can be precisely determined. The most common causes of overheating include: An unsuitable motor: Motors come in a range of sizes. Vibration can be extremely damaging to electric motors, frequently causing premature . 5. If a motor problem does occur, the source of the problem needs to be promptly identified and corrected. Vibration can cause damage to electric motors in several ways. Whenever possible, make measurements in the horizontal (H), vertical (V), and axial (A . This test reveals any resonance/critical-speed problem for the entire motor/base/driven equipment system. Imbalance - A "heavy spot" in a rotating component will cause vibration when the unbalanced weight rotates around the machine's axis, creating a centrifugal force. The main reason for this failure is the installation process, to the . Electric motor failure. Considering this, what causes an electric motor to spark? Martin McGuffie explains three common causes of electric motor failure: weakened insulation, contamination and lack of maintenance. The main causes of motor vibration include, but are not limited to an electronic or mechanical imbalance, faulty gears, failed bearings, loose foundations, wear and tear or misalignment. Misalignment of the electric motor and the driven load is a major . 2. Also, when laying out the workspace, try to position motors away from grinding machines which produce large amounts of contaminants. Vibrations can be caused due to 2 main reasons, they are: A. Tom Bishop, P.E. Common Causes of Electric Motor Failures. the others vibration is around 1 - 2 mm/s in all direction. Vibration: There are several possible causes of vibration, such as motor misalignment. Shaft Coupling (2%) Shaft coupling problems only account for 2% of reported motor failure. As we have already discussed in a general way in our article, "Where to place the vibration sensor", in an electrical motor, the measurement points for vibrations must correspond to the centerline of the shaft, on the bearing housing.Ensure a stable mounting on a solid part. Frictional sound caused by shaft and bearings. Electrical discharges between the various electrical components; When analyzing vibration data for motors, it is typical to observe a vibration component at twice the line frequency (at 100/120Hz). It can also result from defective bearings. Resonant vibration in mechanical structures such as pumps, turbines and motors occurs when a natural frequency is at or close to a forcing frequency such as rotor speed. A methodical investigative approach, however, can narrow the possibilities and make it easier to resolve the issue—with one caveat. 1. This technique is generally sufficient. Rotor mass variation leading to an unbalanced condition is typically caused by three primary factors. 2. Figure 2. It is imperative, in all production operations that downtime be avoided or minimized. It contributes greatly to the corrosion of the motor shafts, bearings . Secondly, it can loosen windings and cause mechanical damage to insulation by fracturing, flaking or eroding of the material. With proper knowledge of the sources of motor vibration, proper vibration . Unlike a purely mechanical machine, a motor has a multitude of frequencies generated by the electromagnetic forces inherent in the machine. 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